![]() The valley is the connection between two pitched roofs and forms a right angle. This protective membrane goes under some or all the shingles to prevent water infiltration. This is moulding that covers the entire lower edge of the roof and reduces the risk of water infiltration. The most effective have four open sides and rise above the roof, allowing them to capture the wind from all directions. ![]() These enclosed structures made of metal or plastic feature openings and fins to properly ventilate the attic space. This is a piece of polystyrene or cardboard inserted between two rafters to let air flow freely over the insulation near the soffits. They act as a passive ventilation unit for your attic, keeping warm moisture in the air from entering the attic air, condensing, and creating mould. ![]() Soffit is the material between the roof’s eaves where the fascia and gutters are placed to the wall (roofs without overhangs do not have soffits). The word ‘soffit’ is from the Latin word suffixus and translates to meaning ‘something fixed underneath’. Flashing is found in valleys and at the bases of chimneys, walls, roof vents, and plumbing vents. It prevents water flowing near roof openings from infiltrating the roof. Flashingįlashing is made of galvanised steel, aluminium, or plastic and can be flexible or rigid. This coating, made of felt saturated with asphalt or a synthetic fabric, protects the shingles against resin released by wood decking, and protects the decking itself against bad weather. They cover the roof by being layered to allow water runoff. These flat rectangular shapes give a roof its character as they can be made from various materials such as slate, wood, flagstone, plastic, or metal. They are covered with the underlay membrane. Roof decking or sheathing is the thin wooden boards that span the entire truss and support the rest of the roof. This is the part of the roof that you can see from the outside of the building and is also what protects the property from inclement weather. ![]() These are horizontal beams connecting two rafters that intersect at the ridge of the roof. You may have seen this in older buildings where the outer walls show the exposed beams that form the roof, and brick has been used to fill the gaps and be durable. Brick infillĪ brick infill in a roof means that brick has been used to fill the spaces of the main structural frame. The rafters connect to the ridge board to complete the framework of the internal structure. Ridge boardĪ ridge board is a horizontal piece of timber (or metal) resting at the peak of the roof over the rafters. They are fixed into place using cleats, which are hidden metal brackets that hold them to the rafters and help increase stability. Purlins sit perpendicular to the rafters of the truss. We mentioned before that you will typically see struts extending from the king post to prevent the two principal rafters from falling in on themselves. StrutĪ strut is an integral part of the load bearing aspect of a roof’s truss, providing outwards-facing support. They support the covering and insulation for the roof. Rafters are normally made from wood or metal, and they run from one end of the roof to the other to form the main framework, meeting at the apex. The tie beam is the base of the triangle we’ve been talking about, running along the entire width of the roof to support the king post and the principal rafters. They determine the apex or angle of the roof depending on their length. The principal rafters form the sides of the triangle that the king post sits in the centre of. When you look at older buildings with exposed roof beams, the king post is in the centre of the triangular shape that forms the roof’s shape. King postĪ king post is a central, vertical post used to provide support for the principal rafters and has struts that extend up and out from them. We haven’t included it, but the attic or loft is the space under the roof, which is formed and protected by both the internal and external structures. This is the part that holds up the roof from inside the building. The part of a roof you can’t see is the internal structure, sometimes called a truss (an assembly of beams or other elements that create a rigid structure). You’ll be an expert in no time, which is especially handy if you’d like a career as a roofer. Each part of a roof’s structure plays an important part in keeping it safe. In this guide, we’ll teach you about the internal and external parts of a roof, what they do, and their names. A roof may look like a simple structure on top of a building, which keeps out rain and other weather, but there’s far more to it than that.
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